Does management affect coastal processes at Walton-on-the-Naze?

Walton-on-the-Naze is a small retirement town, located near Colchester via the A133 with a population of 40,000. Run by tendering local authority it relies mostly on tourism economically, which is one of the reasons they have a coastal management scheme which has recently been extended to the north to protect the luxurious houses situated there. In the course of this project I will be investigating the ways in which management has been used in Walton-on-the-Naze to prevent and encourage different coastal processes in order to stop the cliff retreating and then comparing this to the unprotected cliffs and beaches in Walton to find out if management truly does affect the coastal processes present there. Coastal processes affect our lives. Our families pay taxes to go towards coastal protection etc. which is essential for the whole town to function and benefit the whole community. I have decided to study Walton-on-the-Naze for a number of reasons. Firstly it is the nearest place along the coast to Southend which has unprotected cliffs as well as protected ones. At Walton the geology is the same and the processes are very similar along with the protection. Also Walton is subjected to much more energy from the sea than Southend. There are various ways the coast can be managed, firstly I will explain how the cliffs can be protected. Cliffs are protected in two places, the cliff face and the cliff foot. Energy from the sea in the form of destructive waves can undercut the cliff over time, this causes a cliff collapse because the weight cannot be supported now undercutting has taken place. To combat this, at the cliff foot a sea wall may be built to act like a natural barrier against the sea, along with a revetment to further decrease the energy of the waves. Or groynes could be put in place to encourage a build up of sand and create a â€Å"beach.† This is why beaches are usually sloping towards the sea to make the waves break and decreases the energy they have. The incoming destructive waves break on the sand and cause a weak swash up the beach followed by a strong backwash which has more energy than the swash and ‘drags' sand back down the beach, although this is partly complicated by prevailing winds and LSD which I will go on to explain further later on in this project. Also as waves undercut the cliff rubble collects at the foot of the cliff and acts like a natural barrier in some places, this can also be recreated by man by placing massive rocks and boulders at the foot of the cliffs to protect them, this is usually called rip-rap and is the cheapest and easiest method of management. On the cliff face Gabions can be put on which are basically mesh boxes to keep the rock in place and catch any loose rocks. Cliff ‘pinning' is another way the rock can be kept in place. Vegetation may also be planted there to hold together the rock and prevent erosion, along with sculpturing and draining of the cliff face. It is very important that these two areas are integrated, for you cannot only protect the cliff face and not the cliff foot and you cannot only protect the cliff foot and not the cliff face! These types of management are put into two categories – hard engineering and soft engineering. Hard engineering is physically building something e.g. a Sea wall. Whereas soft engineering e.g. planting is a far more natural management process. We as humans can only militate the worst effects of flooding, that is to say that floods are always going to happen, we cannot stop them. Instead sea walls and tidal barriers are put in place to reduce the energy of the destructive waves produced crashing against the cliffs. If this management was not put in place coasts would be forever retreating causing chaos and destruction that would not be tolerable in today's society. Now I will go on to describe the coastal processes involved. There are 4 main types of coastal processes that affect the cliffs and coast at Walton-on-the-Naze, these are: 1. Destructive Waves (erosion) 2. Long shore Drift 3. Slumping 4. Deposition Some of these processes must be encouraged and some must be discouraged in order for management to be successful. Destructive waves and erosion along with long shore drift and slumping must be discouraged whereas deposition must be encouraged, next I will go on to explain what each of these processes is, does to the coast and why they must be either encouraged or discouraged. The coast is a narrow contact zone between land and sea. The effects of land, air and marine processes are constantly changing it. But on most coastlines the dominant process results from the action of waves. Although destructive waves are usually resultant from storms out at sea and have much more energy than ‘common' constructive waves and usually do a lot more damage. Waves are usually created by the transfer of energy from wind blowing over the surface of the sea. It is true to say that the larger the wave the more energy it contains and the largest waves are formed when very strong winds blow for lengthy periods and cross large expanses of water. The maximum distance of water over which winds can blow is called the fetch. ‘In the case of South-West England the fetch is from the South-West. This also coincides with the direction of the prevailing, or most frequent, wind. In Eastern England the fetch is generally from the East.' As you can see from the diagram on the previous page water particles move in a circular orbit. Each single particle, or a floating object, tends to move vertically up and down, it is only the shape of the wave and its energy that is transferred horizontally towards the coast. But as a wave reaches shallow water the velocity at its base is slowed due to friction with the sea bed, and the once circular orbit changes to that of an elliptical orbit as shown in the diagram. The top of the wave, unaffected by this friction, becomes taller and steeper until it finally breaks. Only at this point does the remnant of the wave, called the swash, actually move forwards. The swash transfers energy up the beach. The backwash returns energy down the beach. Constructive Waves have limited energy. Most of this is used by the swash to transport material up the beach. Destructive waves have much more energy. Most of this is used by the backwash to transport material back down the beach. Erosion Waves, like rivers, can erode the land by a number of different processes, these are: Corrasion (abrasion) – is caused when large waves hurl beach material against a cliff. Attrition – is when waves cause rocks and boulders to break up by bumping into each other on a beach, into small particles. Corrosion (solution) – is when salts and acids in the seawater slowly dissolve the cliff. Hydraulic Action – is the force of waves compressing air in cracks in the cliff. Longshore Drift Although waves do carry material up and down the beach they do not necessarily carry it up and down vertically, the major movement is along the coast by a process called longshore drift. Waves rarely approach a beach at right angles, instead they tend to approach the beach from a direction similar to that of which the wind is blowing. When a wave breaks, the swash carries material up the beach at the same angle at which the wave approached the shore; then the backwash returns material straight down the beach at right-angles to the water, by gravity. The outcome is that material is slowly moved along the beach in a zigzag course. The effect of longshore drift or LSD can be best seen where groynes have been built to prevent this material from being moved along the beach and so there is a build up of sand on one side of the groyne in each case. There are many examples of this in Walton-on-the-Naze (see photos section.) Slumping Slumping is the movement of unconsolidated material (moraine) under gravity. The rock particles in the cliff are held together by frictional forces which are overcome by a build up of ‘pore water pressure' owing to saturation by prolonged rain. That is to say that when water infiltrates the cliff it causes the rock to ‘slump' or slide over each other. Of course a wave-cut notch will have already formed at the rock foot, causing the immense pressure above, see diagram overleaf. Deposition Shingle and sand being transported along the coast by longshore drift will, in time, reach an area where the water is sheltered and the waves have no energy, e.g. a bay. The material may be temporarily deposited because there is no longer any energy left to carry them, this could then form a beach.

Second Foundation 9. The Conspirators

For Dr. Darell and Pelleas Anthor, the evenings passed in friendly intercourse; the days in pleasant unimportance. It might have been an ordinary visit. Dr. Darell introduced the young man as a cousin from across space, and interest was dulled by the clich. Somehow, however, among the small talk, a name might be mentioned. There would be an easy thoughtfulness. Dr. Darell might say, â€Å"No,† or he might say, â€Å"Yes.† A call on the open Communi-wave issued a casual invitation, â€Å"Want you to meet my cousin.† And Arcadia's preparations proceeded in their own manner. In fact, her actions might be considered the least straightforward of all. For instance, she induced Olynthus Dam at school to donate to her a home-built, self-contained sound-receiver by methods which indicated a future for her that promised peril to all males with whom she might come into contact. To avoid details, she merely exhibited such an interest in Olynthus' self-publicized hobby – he had a home workshop-combined with such a well-modulated transfer of this interest to Olynthus' own pudgy features, that the unfortunate youth found himself: 1) discoursing at great and animated length upon the principles of the hyperwave motor; 2) becoming dizzyingly aware of the great, absorbed eyes that rested so lightly upon his; and 3) forcing into her willing hands his own greatest creation, the aforesaid sound-receiver. Arcadia cultivated Olynthus in diminishing degree thereafter for just long enough to remove all suspicion that the sound-receiver had been the cause of the friendship. For months afterwards, Olynthus felt the memory of that short period in his life over and over again with the tendrils of his mind, until finally, for lack of further addition, he gave up and let it slip away. When the seventh evening came, and five men sat in the Darell living room with food within and tobacco without, Arcadia's desk upstairs was occupied by this quite unrecognizable home-product of Olynthus' ingenuity. Five men then. Dr. Darell, of course, with graying hair and meticulous clothing, looking somewhat older than his forty-two years. Pelleas Author, serious and quick-eyed at the moment looking young and unsure of himself. And the three new men: Jole Turbor, visicastor, bulky and plump-lipped; Dr. Elvett Semic, professor-emeritus of physics at the University, scrawny and wrinkled, his clothes only half-filled; Homir Munn, librarian, lanky and terribly ill-at-ease. Dr. Darell spoke easily, in a normal, matter-of-fact tone: â€Å"This gathering has been arranged, gentlemen, for a trifle more than merely social reasons. You may have guessed this. Since you have been deliberately chosen because of your backgrounds, you may also guess the danger involved. I won't minimize it, but I will point out that we are all condemned men, in any case. â€Å"You will notice that none of you have been invited with any attempt at secrecy. None of you have been asked to come here unseen. The windows are not adjusted to non-insight. No screen of any sort is about the room. We have only to attract the attention of the enemy to be ruined; and the best way to attract that attention is to assume a false and theatrical secrecy. (Hah, thought Arcadia, bending over the voices coming – a bit screechily – out of the little box.) â€Å"Do you understand that?† Elvett Semic twitched his lower lip and bared his teeth in the screwup, wrinkled gesture that preceded his every sentence. â€Å"Oh, get on with it. Tell us about the youngster.† Dr. Darell said, â€Å"Pelleas Anthor is his name. He was a student of my old colleague, Kleise, who died last year. Kleise sent me his brain-pattern to the fifth sublevel, before he died, which pattern has been now checked against that of the man before you. You know, of course, that a brain-pattern cannot be duplicated that far, even by men of the Science of Psychology. If you don't know that, you'll have to take my word for it.† Turbor said, purse-lipped, â€Å"We might as well make a beginning somewheres. We'll take your word for it, especially since you're the greatest electroneurologist in the Galaxy now that Kleise is dead. At least, that is the way I've described you in my visicast comment, and I even believe it myself. How old are you, Anthor?† â€Å"Twenty-nine, Mr. Turbor.† â€Å"Hm-m-m. And are you an electroneurologist, too? A great one?† â€Å"Just a student of the science. But I work hard, and I've had the benefit of Kleise's training.† Munn broke in. He had a slight stammer at periods of tension. â€Å"I†¦ I wish you'd g†¦ get started. I think everyone's t†¦ talking too much.† Dr. Darell lifted an eyebrow in Munn's direction. you're right, Homir. Take over, Pelleas.† â€Å"Not for a while,† said Pelleas Anthor, slowly, â€Å"because before we can get started – although I appreciate Mr. Munn's sentiment – I must request brain-wave data.† Darell frowned. â€Å"What is this, Anthor? What brain-wave data do you refer to?† â€Å"The patterns of all of you. You have taken mine, Dr. Darell. I must take yours and those of the rest of you. And I must take the measurements myself.† Turbor said, â€Å"There's no reason for him to trust us, Darell. The young man is within his rights.† â€Å"Thank you,† said Anthor. â€Å"If you'll lead the way to your laboratory then, Dr. Darell, well proceed. I took the liberty this morning of checking your apparatus.† The science of electroencephalography was at once new and old. It was old in the sense that the knowledge of the microcurrents generated by nerve cells of living beings belonged to that immense category of human knowledge whose origin was completely lost. It was knowledge that stretched back as far as the earliest remnants of human history- And yet it was new, too. The fact of the existence of microcurrents slumbered through the tens of thousands of years of Galactic Empire as one of those vivid and whimsical, but quite useless, items of human knowledge. Some had attempted to form classifications of waves into waking and sleeping, calm and excited, well and ill – but even the broadest conceptions had had their hordes of vitiating exceptions. Others had tried to show the existence of brain-wave groups, analogous to the well-known blood groups, and to show that external environment was the defining factor. These were the race-minded people who claimed that Man could be divided into subspecies. But such a philosophy could make no headway against the overwhelming ecumenical drive involved in the fact of Galactic Empire – one political unit covering twenty million stellar systems, involving all of Man from the central world of Trantor – now a gorgeous and impossible memory of the great past – to the loneliest asteroid on the periphery. And then again, in a society given over, as that of the First Empire was, to the physical sciences and inanimate technology, there was a vague but mighty sociological push away from the study of the mind. It was less respectable because less immediately useful; and it was poorly financed since it was less profitable. After the disintegration of the First Empire, there came the fragmentation of organized science, back, back – past even the fundamentals of atomic power into the chemical power of coal and oil. The one exception to this, of course, was the First Foundation where the spark of science, revitalized and grown more intense was maintained and fed to flame. Yet there, too, it was the physical that ruled, and the brain, except for surgery, was neglected ground. Hari Seldon was the first to express what afterwards came to be accepted as truth. â€Å"Neural microcurrents,† he once said, â€Å"carry within them the spark of every varying impulse and response, conscious and unconscious. The brain-waves recorded on neatly squared paper in trembling peaks and troughs are the mirrors of the combined thought-pulses of billions of cells. Theoretically, analysis should reveal the thoughts and emotions of the subject, to the last and least. Differences should be detected that are due not only to gross physical defects, inherited or acquired, but also to shifting states of emotion, to advancing education and experience, even to something as subtle as a change in the subject's philosophy of life.† But even Seldon could approach no further than speculation. And now for fifty years, the men of the First Foundation had been tearing at that incredibly vast and complicated storehouse of new knowledge. The approach, naturally, was made through new techniques – as, for example, the use of electrodes at skull sutures by a newly-developed means which enabled contact to be made directly with the gray cells, without even the necessity of shaving a patch of skull. And then there was a recording device which automatically recorded the brain-wave data as an overall total, and as separate functions of six independent variables. What was most significant, perhaps, was the growing respect in which encephalography and the encephalographer was held. Kleise, the greatest of them, sat at scientific conventions on an equal basis with the physicist. Dr. Darell, though no longer active in the science, was known for his brilliant advances in encephalographic analysis almost as much as for the fact that he was the son of Bayta Darell, the great heroine of the past generation. And so now, Dr. Darell sat in his own chair, with the delicate touch of the feathery electrodes scarcely hinting at pressure upon his skull, while the vacuum-incased needles wavered to and fro. His back was to the recorder – otherwise, as was well known, the sight of the moving curves induced an unconscious effort to control them, with noticeable results – but he knew that the central dial was expressing the strongly rhythmic and little-varying Sigma curve, which was to be expected of his own powerful and disciplined mind. It would be strengthened and purified in the subsidiary dial dealing with the Cerebellar wave. There would be the sharp, near-discontinuous leaps from the frontal lobe, and the subdued shakiness from the subsurface regions with its narrow range of frequencies- He knew his own brain-wave pattern much as an artist might be perfectly aware of the color of his eyes. Pelleas Anthor made no comment when Darell rose from the reclining chair. The young man abstracted the seven recordings, glanced at them with the quick, all-embracing eyes of one who knows exactly what tiny facet of near-nothingness is being looked for. â€Å"If you don't mind, Dr. Semic.† Semic's age-yellowed face was serious. Electroencephalography was a science of his old age of which he knew little; an upstart that he faintly resented. He knew that he was old and that his wave-pattern would show it. The wrinkles on his face showed it, the stoop in his walk, the shaking of his hand – but they spoke only of his body. The brain-wave patterns might show that his mind was old, too. An embarrassing and unwarranted invasion of a man's last protecting stronghold, his own mind. The electrodes were adjusted. The process did not hurt, of course, from beginning to end. There was just that tiny tingle, far below the threshold of sensation. And then came Turbor, who sat quietly and unemotionally through the fifteen minute process, and Munn, who jerked at the first touch of the electrodes and then spent the session rolling his eyes as though he wished he could turn them backwards and watch through a hole in his occiput. â€Å"And now-† said Darell, when all was done. â€Å"And now,† said Anthor, apologetically, â€Å"there is one more person in the house.† Darell, frowning, said: â€Å"My daughter?† ‘Yes. I suggested that she stay home tonight, if you'll remember.† â€Å"For encephalographical analysis? What in the Galaxy for?† â€Å"I cannot proceed without it.† Darell shrugged and climbed the stairs. Arcadia, amply warned, had the sound-receiver off when he entered; then followed him down with mild obedience. It was the first time in her life – except for the taking of her basic mind pattern as an infant, for identification and registration purposes – that she found herself under the electrodes. â€Å"May I see,† she asked, when it was over, holding out her hand. Dr. Darell said, â€Å"You would not understand, Arcadia. Isn't it time for you to go to bed?† â€Å"Yes, father,† she said, demurely. â€Å"Good night, all.† She ran up the stairs and plumped into bed with a minimum of basic preparation. With Olynthus' sound-receiver propped beside her pillow, she felt like a character out of a book-film, and hugged every moment of it close to her chest in an ecstasy of â€Å"Spy-stuff.† The first words she heard were Anthor's and they were: â€Å"The analyses, gentlemen, are all satisfactory. The child's as well.† Child, she thought disgustedly, and bristled at Anthor in the darkness. Anthor had opened his briefcase now, and out of it, he took several dozen brain-wave records. They were not originals. Nor had the briefcase been fitted with an ordinary lock. Had the key been held in any hand other than his own, the contents thereof would have silently and instantly oxidized to an indecipherable ash. Once removed from the briefcase, the records did so anyway after half an hour. But during their short lifetime, Anthor spoke quickly. â€Å"I have the records here of several minor government officials at Anacreon. This is a psychologist at Locris University; this an industrialist at Siwenna. The rest are as you see.† They crowded closely. To all but Darell, they were so many quivers on parchment. To Darell, they shouted with a million tongues. Anthor pointed lightly, â€Å"I call your attention, Dr. Darell, to the plateau region among the secondary Tauian waves in the frontal lobe, which is what all these records have in common. Would you use my Analytical Rule, sir, to check my statement?† The Analytical Rule might be considered a distant relation – as a skyscraper is to a shack – of that kindergarten toy, the logarithmic Slide Rule. Darell used it with the wristflip of long practice. He made freehand drawings of the result and, as Anthor stated, there were featureless plateaus in frontal lobe regions where strong swings should have been expected. â€Å"How would you interpret that, Dr. Darell?† asked Anthor. â€Å"I'm not sure. Offhand, I don't see how it's possible. Even in cases of amnesia, there is suppression, but not removal. Drastic brain surgery, perhaps?† â€Å"Oh, something's been cut out,† cried Anthor, impatiently, â€Å"yes! Not in the physical sense, however. You know, the Mule could have done just that. He could have suppressed completely all capacity for a certain emotion or attitude of mind, and leave nothing but just such a flatness. Or else-â€Å" â€Å"Or else the Second Foundation could have done it. Is that it?† asked Turbor, with a slow smile. There was no real need to answer that thoroughly rhetorical question. â€Å"What made you suspicious, Mr. Anthor?† asked Munn. â€Å"It wasn't I. It was Dr. Kleise. He collected brain-wave patterns much as the Planetary Police do, but along different lines. He specialized in intellectuals, government officials and business leaders. You see, it's quite obvious that if the Second Foundation is directing the historical course of the Galaxy – of us – that they must do it subtly and in as minimal a fashion as possible. If they work through minds, as they must, it is the minds of people with influence; culturally, industrially, or politically. And with those he concerned himself.† â€Å"Yes,† objected Munn, â€Å"but is there corroboration? How do these people act – I mean the ones with the plateau. Maybe it's all a perfectly normal phenomenon.† He looked hopelessly at the others out of his, somehow, childlike blue eyes, but met no encouraging return. â€Å"I leave that to Dr. Darell,† said Anthor. â€Å"Ask him how many times he's seen this phenomenon in his general studies, or in reported cases in the literature over the past generation. Then ask him the chances of it being discovered in almost one out of every thousand cases among the categories Dr. Kleise studied.† â€Å"I suppose that there is no doubt,† said Darell, thoughtfully, â€Å"that these are artificial mentalities. They have been tampered with. In a way, I have suspected this-â€Å" â€Å"I know that, Dr. Darell,† said Author. â€Å"I also know you once worked with Dr. Kleise. I would like to know why you stopped.† There wasn't actually hostility in his question. Perhaps nothing more than caution; but, at any rate, it resulted in a long pause. Darell looked from one to another of his guests, then said brusquely, â€Å"Because there was no point to Kleise's battle. He was competing with an adversary too strong for him. He was detecting what we – he and I – knew he would detect – that we were not our own masters. And I didn't want to know! I had my self-respect. I liked to think that our Foundation was captain of its collective soul; that our forefathers had not quite fought and died for nothing. I thought it would be most simple to turn my face away as long as I was not quite sure. I didn't need my position since the Government pension awarded to my mother's family in perpetuity would take care of my uncomplicated needs. My home laboratory would suffice to keep boredom away, and life would some day end – Then Kleise died-â€Å" Semic showed his teeth and said: â€Å"This fellow Kleise; I don't know him. How did he die?† Anthor cut in: â€Å"He died. He thought he would. He told me half a year before that he was getting too close-â€Å" â€Å"Now we're too c†¦ close, too, aren't we?† suggested Munn, dry-mouthed, as his Adam's apple jiggled. â€Å"Yes,† said Anthor, flatly, â€Å"but we were, anyway – all of us. It's why you've all been chosen. I'm Kleise's student. Dr. Darell was his colleague. Jole Turbor has been denouncing our blind faith in the saving hand of the Second Foundation on the air, until the government shut him off – through the agency, I might mention, of a powerful financier whose brain shows what Kleise used to call the Tamper Plateau. Homir Munn has the largest home collection of Muliana – if I may use the phrase to signify collected data concerning the Mule – in existence, and has published some papers containing speculation on the nature and function of the Second Foundation. Dr. Semic has contributed as much as anyone to the mathematics of encephalographic analysis, though I don't believe he realized that his mathematics could be so applied.† Semic opened his eyes wide and chuckled gaspingly, â€Å"No, young fellow. I was analyzing intranuclear motions – the n-body problem, you know. I'm lost in encephalography.† â€Å"Then we know where we stand. The government can, of course, do nothing about the matter. Whether the mayor or anyone in his administration is aware of the seriousness of the situation, I don't know. But this I do know – we five have nothing to lose and stand to gain much. With every increase in our knowledge, we can widen ourselves in safe directions. We are but a beginning, you understand.† â€Å"How widespread,† put in Turbor, â€Å"is this Second Foundation infiltration?† â€Å"I don't know. There's a flat answer. All the infiltrations we have discovered were on the outer fringes of the nation. The capital world may yet be clean, though even that is not certain – else I would not have tested you. You were particularly suspicious, Dr. Darell, since you abandoned research with Kleise. Kleise never forgave you, you know. I thought that perhaps the Second Foundation had corrupted you, but Kleise always insisted that you were a coward. You'll forgive me, Dr. Darell, if I explain this to make my own position clear. I, personally, think I understand your attitude, and, if it was cowardice, I consider it venial.† Darell drew a breath before replying. â€Å"I ran away! Call it what you wish. I tried to maintain our friendship, however, yet he never wrote nor called me until the day he sent me your brainwave data, and that was scarcely a week before he died-â€Å" â€Å"If you don't mind,† interrupted Homir Munn, with a flash of nervous eloquence, â€Å"I d†¦ don't see what you think you're doing. We're a p†¦ poor bunch of conspirators, if we're just going to talk and talk and t†¦ talk. And I don't see what else we can do, anyway. This is v†¦ very childish. B†¦ brain-waves and mumbo jumbo and all that. Is there just one thing you intend to do?† Pelleas Author's eyes were bright, â€Å"Yes, there is. We need more information on the Second Foundation. It's the prime necessity. The Mule spent the first five years of his rule in just that quest for information and failed – or so we have all been led to believe. But then he stopped looking. Why? Because he failed? Or because he succeeded?† â€Å"M†¦ more talk,† said Munn, bitterly. â€Å"How are we ever to know?† â€Å"If you'll listen to me – The Mule's capital was on Kalgan. Kalgan was not part of the Foundation's commercial sphere of influence before the Mule and it is not part of it now. Kalgan is ruled, at the moment, by the man, Stettin, unless there's another palace revolution by tomorrow. Stettin calls himself First Citizen and considers himself the successor of the Mule. If there is any tradition in that world, it rests with the super-humanity and greatness of the Mule – a tradition almost superstitious in intensity. As a result, the Mule's old palace is maintained as a shrine. No unauthorized person may enter; nothing within has ever been touched.† â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Well, why is that so? At times like these, nothing happens without a reason. What if it is not superstition only that makes the Mule's palace inviolate? What if the Second Foundation has so arranged matters? In short what if the results of the Mule's five-year search are within-â€Å" â€Å"Oh, p†¦ poppycock.† â€Å"Why not?† demanded Anthor. â€Å"Throughout its history the Second Foundation has hidden itself and interfered in Galactic affairs in minimal fashion only. I know that to us it would seem more logical to destroy the Palace or, at the least, to remove the data. But you must consider the psychology of these master psychologists. They are Seldons; they are Mules and they work by indirection, through the mind. They would never destroy or remove when they could achieve their ends by creating a state of mind. Eh?† No immediate answer, and Anthor continued, â€Å"And you, Munn, are just the one to get the information we need.† â€Å"I?†*** It was an astounded yell. Munn looked from one to the other rapidly, â€Å"I can't do such a thing. I'm no man of action; no hero of any teleview. I'm a librarian. If I can help you that way, all right, and I'll risk the Second Foundation, but I'm not going out into space on any qu†¦ quixotic thing like that.† â€Å"Now, look,† said Anthor, patiently, â€Å"Dr. Darell and I have both agreed that you're the man. It's the only way to do it naturally. You say you're a librarian. Fine! What is your main field of interest? Muliana! You already have the greatest collection of material on the Mule in the Galaxy. It is natural for you to want more; more natural for you than for anyone else. You could request entrance to the Kalgan Palace without arousing suspicion of ulterior motives. You might be refused but you would not be suspected. What's more, you have a one-man cruiser. You're known to have visited foreign planets during your annual vacation. You've even been on Kalgan before. Don't you understand that you need only act as you always have?† â€Å"But I can't just say, ‘W†¦ won't you kindly let me in to your most sacred shrine, M†¦ Mr. First Citizen?' â€Å" â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Because, by the Galaxy, he won't let me!† â€Å"All right, then. So he won't Then you'll come home and we'll think of something else.† Munn looked about in helpless rebellion. He felt himself being talked into something he hated. No one offered to help him extricate himself. So in the end two decisions were made in Dr. Darell's house. The first was a reluctant one of agreement on the part of Munn to take off into space as soon as his summer vacation began. The other was a highly unauthorized decision on the part of a thoroughly unofficial member of the gathering, made as she clicked off a sound-receiver and composed herself for a belated sleep. This second decision does not concern us just yet.

The First Two Years The Social World, Section, Emotional...

1. Chapter 4 â€Å"The First Two Years: The Social World† section â€Å"Emotional Development† discusses the significance of variety of early emotions that humans have the experience in their life. The most common and basic forms of emotions that infants present as their age is pain and pleasure. Throughout their life, they develop mentally and physically, as well as learning more emotions that enable them to show expressions, reactions, and reasons that trigger those reactions (Berger, 130) During toddlerhood, between the ages of two and up, emotions are strengthened, for example, toddlers’ laughter and cries are more apparent and amplified. Together with their anger and fear becoming less frequent but directed towards experiences that are terrifying and infuriating. In addition, toddlers often have temper tantrums, â€Å"when something angers them, they might yell, scream, cry, hit, and throw themselves on the floor† (Berger, 130) Toddlers’ temper tantrums can even cause more tantrums or worsen the situation if a response from an adult or is negative, like out of anger or teasing the child. Social Awareness is the development of emotions that toddlers will learn from based on their culture, surroundings, and people they interact with such as family. Toddlers’ experiences with newer emotions such as pride, shame, jealousy, embarrassment, disgust, and guilt are expressions of selfhood (Berger 131). Situations in which jealousy, among children are shown, is when the child’s mother isShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Education Training Program Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthree different parts. The first part will explain what developmentally appropriate practice is and the characteristics present when it is done successfully. The second section will discuss child development. The ideas of three different theorists will be presented to the parents. The final section will discuss various milestones their children w ill go through. The final section will include a hands-on component, allowing parents to see some of what they have learned first hand. Read More1.1 An explanation of each of the areas of learning and development and how these are interdependent1364 Words   |  6 Pagesof the areas of learning and how these are interdependent. The EYFS sets the standards for children when they are aged 0-5. It sets out learning and development requirements, assessments and the safeguarding and welfare requirements. All schools, child minders, preschools and nurseries must follow the EYFS as it is a statutory document. There are two areas of learning that children are expected to come across, these are the Prime and Specific. Each area is built up of different aspects, which altogetherRead MoreDevelopmental History Analysis1407 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental History Analysis Life-Span Development Developmental History Analysis Often in human services, compiling a developmental history is an essential part of gathering information that will provide critical details to assist providers in making choices that will help clients receive assistance with health and psychological issues. This paper will analyze the developmental history of four-year old Quaushia Bolden. Quaushia is a compilation of several clients that this authorRead MoreDeveloping A Safe And Healthy Environment1471 Words   |  6 PagesEach child deserves to have the opportunity of growing in a safe and healthy environment. Our province’s dream is to become a global leader in achieving academic abilities in all four domains such as social-emotional, physical, language and cognitive development in each child (Early Learning for, 2007, p. 3). In November 2004, the Ontario administration created a great plan called the â€Å"Early Learning for Every Child Today† (ELECT). By launching this plan, Ontario fulfilled its dream. In a dditionRead MoreThe Brigance Diagnostic Inventory Of Early Development II1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Brigance Diagnostic Inventory of Early Development-II was written by Albert H. Brigance Frances Page Gloscoe. The IED-II was published by Curriculum Associates, Inc. in 1978-2004. The test is administered individually with the age range of birth-7 years old. This test was created to monitor a child’s development. Because it was not a high stakes test, there was more room for error. The IED-II was translated into Spanish. Spanish tests were given to 8.6% of participants but since scores wereRead MoreFather s Role As A Child s Development1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe literature review examines the father s role as being very important to a child s development and brings out positive benefits when they’re actively involved. A father who is involved ensures a sufficient amount of cognitive ability, supports the child s educational achievements and awareness of overall health and social behavior. Fathers are more than just the second adult in the home. When involved fathers, biological or not, they bring positive benefits to a child that no other person isRead MoreChild Development : Infant And Toddler Development1375 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch paper is written on infant and toddler development from birth to three years of age. I chose this topic to research because I am an aspiring Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit (NICU) Nurse. Neonatal nursing is a subspecialty of nursing that works with newborn infants that are born with a variety of problems ranging from prematurity, birth defects, infection, cardiac malformations, and surgical problems. The neonatal period is defined as the first month of life; however, these newborns are oftenRead MoreEffects of Aging on Cognitive Development898 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Aging on Cognitive Development Daphney Walker PSYCH/640 May 5, 2014 Holly Berry Effects of Aging on Cognitive Development Aging is a natural process of life however, studies show that there are some age-related decline in cognitive development. As a person grows older some brain cell dies, shrink, or weaken and cause some decline in brain functions. Some cognitive processes include attention, working memory, long-term memory, perception, and executive control. The material willRead MoreTask 1 Eymp 11314 Words   |  6 PagesEYMP 1 Task 1. Context and principles for early years provisions. The Early Years Foundation Stage was brought into force in September 2008 by orders and regulations which come under section 39 of the Childcare Act 2006. All of the early years providers are required to use the EYFS to ensure a flexible approach to children’s care, learning and development that enables young children to achieve the five Every Child Matters (ECM) outcomes. These 5 outcomes are staying safe, being healthy, enjoyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Bilingualism On Multiple Difference Areas1605 Words   |  7 Pages Numerous studies have been conducted on various benefits of bilingualism in multiple difference areas like cognitive, social- emotional, learning or global advantages. Regardless, there are multiple different reasons for an adolescent to learn a second language. Whether obligated when moving to a new county attending a school where it is a requirement, being enrolled in a class to satisfy a language credit, or simply for their own personal desire, when childre n are exposed to a second language in

Key Pieces of Horror Narrative Essay Samples

Key Pieces of Horror Narrative Essay Samples Gawande throughout the full essay attempts to prove that through hospice that patients are in a position to die peacefully, they can let go. There are several different forms of expository essays. It is most expedient to begin writing essays when you have read a sample of the very same kind of essay. While the completely free essays may give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used `as is' because they won't satisfy your assignment's requirements. You've got a guide and get ideas about what to do with your essay. Students may practice writing by deciding upon a number of the expository essay topics presented on our website or produce their own topics. Reading though samples will lower your time later on, since you will begin writing your essay with clear understanding how to compose your own paper. Check your assignment guidelines or ask your teacher if you aren't sure about the essential length. A high number of nursing positions require on the work training. In addition may be attempting to find somebody who can perform your essay. In this kind of essay, you should describe something without being metaphoric. If you're going to compose an expository essay, be ready to devote much time hitting books. A photo essay is a group of pictures with a total topic or theme. In addition, thesis lets readers are aware of what they're likely to read about. If your essay appears choppy, correct mistakes with the assistance of transition words and phrases. To put it simply, an expository essay explores all angles of a specific topic in an attempt to teach the audience something they may not know. The majority of the moment, expository essays are presented by offering a selection of topics and approaches to bring up the idea. When discussing the problem of youth crime groups, an individual must wonder how one makes the decision to join them. Get quality reasonable assistance from an on-line paper composing organization it is possible to confide in, for instance, instantessaytyper.com. Explain why it's helpful to organize your materials and activities. There are various sorts of essay and they require the distinctive outline. An essay must be clear and unbiased. While an expository essay ought to be clear and concise, it may also be lively and engagi ng. A wonderful descriptive essay is going to be loaded with details. The thesis of the expository essay ought to be based on factual information which will be displayed in the body of the essay. There are several methods about how to compose an expository essay. It aims to inform readers about some subject with solid evidence. Expository essays follow the very same rules since most essays. Explanatory writing is normally used when a particular analysis is conducted. A thriving process essay is going to be detailed enough so a reader will have all the info required to finish the endeavor. The benefits of a brief essay is that you could concentrate on a single side of the matter. Also, it must be a road map for the remainder of the Essay writing service reviews you shouldn't explicitly announce what and how you're going to be arguing. Focus on your language as it ought to be eerror-free Imagine your essay is a precious stone and produce all its faces shine using an easily readable and unique language. Possessing a look at the expository essay sample will definitely be an advantage and will cause you to avoid any type of errors. Get ready to apply sequential, spatial, topical, and lots different patterns to get your story interesting and detailed. Typically, a structure of essay contains three principal sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. Choosing Horror Narrative Essay Samples Is Simple It's important to keep in mind that this kind of expository essay allows for many of artistic freedom. The doctors must make sure the words they use don't demonstrate they have pity for their patients, they have to attempt to remain as impartial as possible. Keep in mind, though you might not be crafting the upcoming great novel, you making an effort to leave a long-lasting impression on the folks evaluating your essay. This essay describes the procedure for creating a cake. Write an essay explaining the steps which you want to follow to be able to apply for employment. Don't forget, in addition, there are discounts available when purchasing all 3 e-books and free shipping when purchasing all three text books. As you consider your topic, think about making a graphic organizer to receive your thoughts in order.

Report on How Customer Service Affects Business Profits

Introduction. I have been asked to produce a short report that can be used to demonstrate to the board of directors that improving customer service is an excellent way of improving takings. My report has to include the following: . The role of a supervisor in delivering customer service, . The impact of excellent customer service on how your team works and the positive benefits to the hotel, team and customers on delivering customer service, . How delivering excellent service can support up-selling and add on-selling, . How we are to monitor service delivery. Research Customer service. What does it mean? . Customer service according to the dictionary means: â€Å"Assistance and other resources that a†¦show more content†¦Notes from Customer Experience Management, Bernd Schmitt In most companies, employees do not care about their jobs. A Gallup survey found that only 25% of employees are â€Å"actively engaged†. 75% are just muddling through. University of Michigan’s David Ulrich observes that â€Å"job depression† is on the rise. . Disengaged and depressed employees are not likely to deliver a great experience to customers. . To turn that around, you must engage the heart and soul of every employee. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi at the University of Chicago found that employees want to experience work as â€Å"flow† – when they become so involved in what they’re doing that they lose track of time. Flow is about optimal experiences and enjoyment in life and the ultimate goal is â€Å"turning all life into a unified flow experience†. When that happens, work does not feel like work, and the separation of work and leisure becomes meaningless. Work and leisure become one. . In particular, modern neurological research shows that people don t think and draw conclusions in linear, hierarchical ways or in exclusively conscious ways. Instead, they glean cues and bits of information from all the senses, above and below awareness, to form a composite experiential impression that becomes a basis for preference, loyalty, and advocacy (Excerpt from What Makes Customers Tick? Lewis P. Carbone, in Marketing Management) Conclusion: After reading through the above mentioned research articles I haveShow MoreRelatedSports Direct : The Uk s Largest Sporting Goods Retailer Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesfounded in 1982. The core business of this company is to provide a wide range of sports, fitness and fashion products to the public. Recently, Sports Direct has been hit by several negative news over its poor treatment of their workers and faced the challenge for the management reshuffle in the company. This report will show the problem on sales management, profit warnings and the employment contract for a sample of Sports Direct. Besides, make some recommendations about how it can make changes to theRead MoreThe Effect Of Different Stakeholders Exert At Mercedes Benz1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this report, I am going to evaluate the influence of different stakeholders exert at Mercedes Benz. The stakeholders I will be discussing is the owner of the business, customers who buy cars as they provide good quality of service, employees who help the business to perform well and making profits and the Government who support Mercedes Benz because they have been running successfully throughout the years so they want to invest money to further develop the business. On the other handRead MorePursuing a Career in Human Resources947 Words   |  4 Pagesvideo, the roles of a manager within the functional areas of business are marketing, operations management, finance and human resource management. In addition, other roles listed, were lawyer, strategic planner, accountant, economist and leader (UoP, 2013). Each of these roles work hand in hand together so an organization can function effectively and efficiently. Managers in these functional roles need to make decisions that will no t affect other department managers tasks without putting the companyRead MoreBusiness Goes With The Mean Data Analysis1335 Words   |  6 PagesIn this case, the business goes with the mean data analysis; the customers coming in the hotel will be within the range of 20kms. If they go with median data analysis, range will only be with in 20 and 25kms. And if the go with the mode data analysis, the range could be anything from 5 to 40kms Identify and review a range of external sources of information (such as relevant books and articles, information on the internet, benchmarking studies) in order to conduct a qualitative analysis of comparativeRead MoreThe Collaborative Work That Has Been Done For Complete The Business Scenario And Presentation1613 Words   |  7 PagesIn this report I will be explaining about the collaborative work that has been done to complete the business scenario and presentation. We have been given a group task to create a scenario of an organization from given sectors. After the group discussion we have decided to choose transportation sector. We have created a business and a presentation showing how this business will work. Our group has given the name of â€Å"TCE† to this organization which is also known as the courier express, this is aRead MoreThe Food Service Processes Within The Finest Catch Restaurants1498 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This report will discuss and evaluate changes made to the food service processes within The Finest Catch Restaurants and how these changes have affected the performance objectives Quality, Speed and Cost. Therefore examining how changes to staff labour can affect the perception customers have of the business, and in turn how that has affected their outlook. Altering visibility and volume of staff can change expectations of consumers both old and new (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 2010)Read MoreQualitative Analysis Of Comparative Market Data For Your Business1386 Words   |  6 Pages4. 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Whatever a customer thinks influences his decision to buy from the firm and this can lead to more sales, hence the profit margin of the organization increases. A business with no customers usually generate less profits sinceRead MoreCreating a Business- Original Writing Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesCreating a Business- Original Writing For my GCSE business studies coursework I am going to create a business. The name of my business will be â€Å"paradise palace† as I am creating a beauty and tanning salon. There are two types of business organisations that I could create they are sole trader and partnership. The first type of business organisation tat I could choose is sole trader. This is a person who trades by himself/herself without the use of a company structureRead MoreBusiness Model Analysis On The Management Of The Enterprise And Operational Design1143 Words   |  5 Pageswhether marketing, financial or expansion the company must understand their business activities. Efficiency in managing business activities ensures smooth operation for maximum profit (Brinkman, 2). The business model strategy enhances the management of the enterprise and operational design to conform to profit-making goals by implementing the segmentation of business activities. The research report will employ the business model canvas to study and perform data analysis on the quickly growing taxi

Strategic Management Formulate the Business Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Formulate the Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction Business organizations formulate their objectives before making the strategy. Future endeavors of the organizations depend on the current operations of the business and the position of the organization within the market. According to Eberhard Tarpenning (2014), therefore, the assessment includes analysis of all the past and present data related to implementation of business strategies. They opined that the process of strategy development is known as Strategic management. Tesla Motors is one such company that stresses upon strategic management. Eberhard Tarpenning (2014) stated that it belongs to automotive and renewable energy storage systems industry. Martin (2014) opined that in 2013 Tesla Motors was established and now it is one of the leading companies of the world with more than 50,000 vehicles of it roaming worldwide. The overall revenue generated by the company in 2015 was US$4.04 billion ("Tesla", 2016). The strategic management for the company will now be discussed in this essay. Current product-market approach According to Martin (2014), Tesla Motors have not only made cars but also emphasized on energy storage systems. The diversity of work that they have been doing since their inception brought them prosperity. As Liu et al (2014) discussed, the power-train technology is the innovation of Tesla Motors. Their first Roadster model of Tesla gave the drivers a similar driving experience of a traditional gas engine. According to Rothaermel (2015), with time, the production of recent Roadster models became slower posting a challenge on Tesla Motors. The company started developing the future strategies for sustenance. As a result, in 2012 they came up with EV family sedan. Previously, they never focused on family segment. However, the invention of Model S worked for them and in the next few years, they decided to work on limited orders of vehicles to develop a target-oriented production capacity. Tesla made a plan to give its customers better knowledge and experience about their Electric Vehicl es (EV). According to Mangram (2012), the strategy was to enhance the reliability of the customers on Teslas EV capabilities before Model X was introduced in 2014. It was a part of Teslas strategy to develop the early adopters. Mangram (2012) stated that in addition, Model S was their first attempt to make a mid-sized vehicle. Model S was sold in half of the Roadsters price and thus Tesla cars became available to the middle-class people. Both these products have been providing Tesla with consistent profit. However, Tesla lowered the price of cars following the business approach of Silicon Valley firms, and other technology industries worldwide where the prices of laptops, and cellular phones decreased dramatically. They shift the companys objective by stressing more on high-end segment of the market. In global market scenario, rarely any company has taken such a risk. ("Tesla", 2016) Since its inception, the objective of the Tesla has been to produce cars and initiating the transition to Electronic vehicles. The EVs save fuels and also perform better than the motor cars. As discussed by Birk (2015), Teslas past and current strategy includes the following: Produce and sell their Electronic Vehicles Sell parts of electronic power trains to other car manufacturers Become a role model in EV making business Moritz et al (2015, August) opined that as a part of implementing these strategies, they have developed an integrated power train technology. It is made of lithium-ions cells having a high level of energy density, a set of power electronics controlled by software, a cooled battery pack, an A/C induction motor, and a gearbox containing RPM single-gear. According to Moritz et al (2015, August), the ranges of the Tesla Roadster and Tesla Model S are 245 miles and 300 miles respectively. As discussed by Wu et al (2015), it is greater than the Ford Focus EV, Chevy Volt, and Nissan Leaf. In manufacturing low-priced batteries, Tesla holds the top position in the market. According to Park et al (2014), whereas the competitors of Tesla sell it for $650 per kWh, the amount in Tesla is $400/kWh. The Model S sedan, which is the most affordable car produced by Tesla has distinguished features. It has more cargo room compared to the other sedan cars, wireless 4G connectivity, 17-inch touch screen computer, quick recharge for 45 minutes and some other lucrative features. Definitely, the strategy is to provide the customers not only with a great millage but also with a technologically advanced experience. Thus, the customers enjoy both necessity and luxury. They added that the Model S sedan satisfied the needs of different customers. Tesla planned to provide the customers of Model S sedan with additional offerings to increase the demand. Reportedly, the strategy has gained for Tesla more than 60,000 orders specifically for the electric sedan cars. As an extension of this strategy, Tesla made plans to launch other crossovers, vans, SUVs and sedan cars based on the adaptable power train. Such a strategy needs both money and time. Distribution strategy Teslas distribution strategy emphasizes on controlling its own service and sales operations leading to earn desirable revenue and get customers feedback. Moving out from the traditional dealer network system, they have taken the storefront approach towards the customers. According to Cheong et al (2016), this automotive distribution system puts the dealers in an odd situation regarding the inventory and the service. They do not store the cars at the dealers place; rather they have taken the just-in-time delivery approach. They use online services as a part of distribution system. According to Chen Perez (2015, June), the stores are medium-sized and without any huge floor space because it does not carry the large inventories. It is a shift from the traditional approach. However, Tesla is facing various legal challenges by implementing this strategy. As Bohnsack et al (2014) pointed out that many states having strict laws concerning online purchase, and many countries that do not allo w the direct transactions between manufacturer and customer are stopping Tesla from expansion. Marketing and sales strategy According to Lee et al (2015), Tesla follows the marketing and sales approach of Silicon Valley firm, which is a shift from the traditional system of marketing. The current marketing structure is based on the retail strategy that is found in Apple. Chen Perez (2015, June) discussed that Tesla has hired the former architecture of Apple retail model George Blankenship. The strategy is to encourage the customers to get knowledge about Teslas technology. They mentioned that there is no dont touch signboard for the customers. As the objective of the company is to not only to develop present customers but also to pave the way for the future customers, they have not restricted anyone of any age to experience Electric Vehicles that Tesla offers. For that, they felicitate the customers with the touch-screen interface experience, virtual Design studio, and product experts to develop a transparent manufacturer-customer communication. As opined by Lee et al (2015), the virtual Design studio of the Tesla is the best configuration that any automotive manufacturer has offered till date. It enables the customers to find out their exact necessity. Again, the product experts in the stores use iPads while explaining anything to the customers. The current showroom of Tesla in Santana let the customers design their own products on a large screen through swiping over the virtual parts of the cars. Such a new strategy is lucrative to the customers and as an extension of this approach; they have designed the exterior of their stores in a modern way. Wu et al (2015) discussed that Tesla have 16 stores in various places of United States, 2 stores in Canada, 3 stores in Asia/Pacific, and in Europe they have 13 stores. Most of the stores look like galleries, which is again a shift from traditional look of the shops. All stores exhibit Model S sedan outlining the Teslas offerings to the customers. The strategy is to control their costs of productions, manage the warranty related service, and strengthen Tesla as a brand besides enhancing the customers satisfaction. Service strategy Teslas service strategy includes acknowledgement of customers feedback. According to Martin (2014), they follow the service strategy of Zappos.com, which is shoe retailer, and the computer repair service Geek Squad. According to Schuller et al (2014), adopting the Best Buy concept, Teslas retail shops provide the customers with house call options that involve annual inspections and upgradation of firmware. He opined that the cost of service is minimum $100. It is very cheap if comparing to the expenses. However, the strategy is taken because development of service centers is more costly comparing to the loss. The aim of Tesla in making this strategy was to remove the conflicts and confusion found in the traditional dealership system. Corporate culture strategy Tesla has always wanted to offer something different. To fulfill this aim, they have formulated a different corporate culture. As discussed by Birk (2015), they hire people who are interesting in moving out of the box. They encourage employees to take challenges shifting from the traditional model of business structure. Birk (2015) added that Tesla has taken the help of Arnnon Geshuri for development this new kind of corporate culture. Geshuri is known for his contribution in Google. Current strategic challenges At present, Tesla is the only company to manufacture electric vehicles. The advantage of Tesla is that they are concerned about environmental issues as they produce all electric vehicles, which are environment-friendly. Again, the customers of the niche market are happy with the EVs due to the high price of gasoline. As discussed by Birk (2015), Tesla-Panasonic collaboration in development of lithium-ion battery cells having a nickel base is giving positive results to them. The biggest challenge for Tesla is that they compete with larger resource driven car manufacturers along with a greater market share. Many new companies that are venturing into making the EVs are the recent threat to Tesla. According to Martin (2014), the already existing companies such as Toyota, Nissan, Daimler, Ford, Honda and Chevrolet are also making Electronic Vehicles. Tesla is unable to compete with the resources of these companies. Much of the business investments of Tesla are done through debt resulting into a consistently low net income rate. According to Clark et al (2015), Electronic vehicles might be a user-friendly, yet it is not the demand of majority customers. Future strategy According to Martin (2014), Tesla Motors has their competitors including Chevy Volt that emphasizes on developing the EVs. Toyota, on the other hand, introduced an electric version of RAV4. These two companies are giving Tesla serious competition although Tesla Motors is reputed in having a better performance and better range than the other two companies have. Analyzing the current scenario, the two critical issues can be encountered. These are as follows: What should be the plan for the future? What should be the direction of the plan? After analyzing all the product-market, service and distribution models that Tesla follow, some of the recommendations for at least the next five years will be outlined now. At first, Tesla need to create demands for the all Electronic Vehicles otherwise, it is difficult for them to survive. Tesla must explain the necessities of owing an EV. Not only the advanced technology that they offer should be addressed but also the environmental issues related to EVs should be highlighted. Tesla need to change its sales model for those countries where they encounter issues related to manufacture-customer relationship direct transaction. In most areas of United States, they can use the dealership structure for the expansion of the market. Tesla can come up with two-segments of cars. One that is fully electronic and have an unique approach; and another that satisfies the broader range of customers. They should target the middle class people who dream about owing a car. For the, they can come up with innovative models of motor cars. Tesla can make more Trucks and SUVs as it has specific demands in the market. Tesla has been targeting the upper middle class consumers. To expand the sales it should focus on market segmentation. As already stated, they can come up with SUVs and Trucks, and produce low-priced innovative models of motor cars along with the EVs. Thus, they should enlarge the target customers. For the maintenance of the cars, Tesla needs to have limited dealerships. It unburdens the responsibility of maintaining a large number of cars. Especially, for the expensive cars, they need the help the dealers for the purpose of storage. Conclusion As a company, Tesla Motors have various advantages and drawbacks. The objective of the company should be the understanding of its advantages and utilizing them for the expansion of its market. The strategy of the company should involve gauging of its drawbacks. The market structure of Tesla is innovative and modern. However, their focus should also be to increase the demands for the Electronic Vehicles. The recommended strategic planning has outlined these issues. References Birk, D. (2015). Tesla Motors, Inc. Market Analysis and Definition. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J., Kolk, A. (2014). Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), 284-300. Chen, Y., Perez, Y. (2015, June). Business model design: lessons learned from Tesla Motors. InGerpisa Conference, ENS Cachan, Paris(pp. 10-12). Cheong, T., Song, S. H., Hu, C. (2016). Strategic Alliance with Competitors in the Electric Vehicle Market: Tesla Motors Case.Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2016. Clark, J. R., Stringham, E., Miller, J. (2015). Overcoming Barriers to Entry in an Established Industry: Tesla Motors.Available at SSRN 2746171. Eberhard, M., Tarpenning, M. (2014). The 21st Century Electric Car Tesla Motors. Lee, M., Jay, J. (2015). Strategic responses to hybrid social ventures.California Management Review,57(3), 126-148. Liu, Y. E., Kang, Y., Wu, H., Chen, C., Hon, E. (2014). Tesla Motors Inc. Case Synopsis.Burnaby BC: Simon Fraser University. Retrieved,10(18), 2014. Mangram, M. E. (2012). The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis.Journal of Strategic Marketing,20(4), 289-312. Martin, C. (2014). Driving change in the battery industry.Nature nanotechnology,9(5), 327-328. Moritz, M., Redlich, T., Krenz, P., Buxbaum-Conradi, S., Wulfsberg, J. P. (2015, August). Tesla Motors, Inc.: Pioneer towards a new strategic approach in the automobile industry along the open source movement?. In2015 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET)(pp. 85-92). IEEE. Park, J., Rast, J., MacDoughall, T., Nitti, B., Sinton, D., Geissler, A., Roseli, K. L. (2014). Marketing Plan for Tesla Motors Model S. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Schuller, A., Dietz, B., Flath, C. M., Weinhardt, C. (2014). Charging strategies for battery electric vehicles: economic benchmark and V2G potential.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,29(5). Tesla. (2016). Tesla.com. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.tesla.com/ Wu, D., Zeng, H., Boulet, B. (2015). Impact Analysis of EV Charging with Mixed Control Strategy.Editorial Board Members, 731.

Theater History Essays - Feast Of Fools, Carnival, Easter, Paganism

Theater History European Theater diminished drastically during the Middle Ages. This was due to the harshness of living during these times. The common people were tillers of the soil, unlearned, with short life spans. The Roman Catholic Church had considerable power. The church has never been a big supporter of things theatrical. But some primitive types of Theater did emerge in this time. The scop was found in the Germanic or Teutonic territories. The scop was a singer and storyteller who would tell about ancient heroes of that land. He would perform at banquets and was given a social status. These scops would give the desolate people a way to reconnect with a more prosperous time. We see this in our own society with Native Americans. They will tell stories of their heroic ancestors and the sacrifices they made. There were already theatrical elements in Europe at this time, but many of them were associated with Pagan rituals. To claim Europe as its own, the Catholic Church adopted many of these Pagan ritual dates into its own calendar. Christ's birth is on December 25th to overlap a Pagan ritual date. Easter is also said to be on an originally Pagan date. The pageant sounds a lot like Pagan. I wonder if they are related. The Church began inventing pageants of its own. Palm Sunday was often accompanied by a pageant reenacting Christ's entrance to Jerusalem. On Good Friday a cross was wrapped in burial sheets and then brought out on Easter Sunday. Today we witness annual Manger scenes at local churches. One of the surviving playwrights, Hrosvitha, had to make her plays about religious themes. Her plays were based on the works of Terence. For fear of the Church, it was best to make all plays liturgical in nature. The main staging convention was the mansion. The mansion was a house or playing area. Most liturgical shows needed only one mansion, but plays that were more complicated needed more than one mansion. There was usually only one mansion because plays were still put on wagons. But the book says that there are recorded uses of over 100 hundred mansions. At the end of the twelfth century a ritual of pagan times was revived: The Feast of Fools. During this feast monks and other workers were allowed to make fun of their superiors and the overbearing Church. People would feast upon sausages and alcohol, wear masks, and have a general sense of mirth. It sounds much like our current festivals of Mardi Gras or the Latin-American Carnival. The Feast of Fools was very important to the development of comedy. One medieval practice that would considerably limit the number of productions if put in practice today is the responsibilities of the pageant master. The pageant master was the not only the artistic director of the shows, he was also responsible for every aspect of production except properties. How would you like to take on a job of that magnitude? Most actors were taken from the working class. Woman and children participated at this time, and most actors doubled in parts. Theater